LM324 Quad Low-Power Operational Amplifier
The LM324 is a quad operational amplifier. It includes four internally frequency-compensated op-amps. Single or dual power supplies can be used. The supply voltage range extends from 3 V to 32 V for single supply, or ±1.5 V to ±16 V for dual supply.
The input voltage range includes ground. The output swings close to ground. Power consumption remains low. It suits many analog signal applications. Common uses include filtering, amplification, and signal conditioning.
Pin Configuration (14-Pin DIP/SOIC)
| Pin | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Output 1 | Output of op-amp 1 |
| 2 | Inverting Input 1 | Negative input of op-amp 1 |
| 3 | Non-Inverting Input 1 | Positive input of op-amp 1 |
| 4 | V+ | Positive power supply |
| 5 | Non-Inverting Input 2 | Positive input of op-amp 2 |
| 6 | Inverting Input 2 | Negative input of op-amp 2 |
| 7 | Output 2 | Output of op-amp 2 |
| 8 | Output 3 | Output of op-amp 3 |
| 9 | Inverting Input 3 | Negative input of op-amp 3 |
| 10 | Non-Inverting Input 3 | Positive input of op-amp 3 |
| 11 | V− | Ground or negative supply |
| 12 | Non-Inverting Input 4 | Positive input of op-amp 4 |
| 13 | Inverting Input 4 | Negative input of op-amp 4 |
| 14 | Output 4 | Output of op-amp 4 |
Key Features
Contains four op-amps in one IC
Operates from single or dual supplies
Input voltage includes ground
Low supply current: 1 mA per amplifier
Internally frequency compensated
Wide power supply range: 3 V to 32 V
Large common-mode input range
Output voltage swings near ground
Available in DIP, SOIC, and TSSOP packages
Applications
Amplify low-level analog signals in sensor circuits
Build active filters and analog integrators
Design oscillators, waveform generators, or comparators
Use in audio preamps, tone control, or mixers
Interface analog signals to ADCs or logic inputs
Construct voltage followers or buffers for high-impedance sources
Implement signal conditioning in instrumentation systems
Build analog control loops or error amplifiers in power supplies
Design low-power analog circuits in battery-operated devices
Create peak detectors or precision rectifiers
Specifications Table
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of Op-Amps | 4 |
| Supply Voltage Range | 3 V to 32 V (single), ±1.5 V to ±16 V (dual) |
| Input Voltage Range | 0 V to (V+ – 1.5 V) |
| Input Offset Voltage | 2 mV (typical) |
| Supply Current | ~1 mA per amplifier |
| Gain Bandwidth Product | ~1 MHz |
| Slew Rate | 0.5 V/µs ‘ |
| Output Voltage Swing | 0 V to (V+ – 1.5 V) |
| Package Options | DIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 |
| Operating Temperature | 0 °C to +70 °C (LM324) |
