7812 IC Fixed Positive 12V Voltage Regulator
The LM7812 is a three-terminal fixed linear voltage regulator that supplies a regulated 12V DC output from a higher, unregulated input voltage. As part of the popular 78xx series, it ensures a stable power source for sensitive electronic circuits. Its simple design, low cost, and robust performance make it suitable for industrial, automotive, communication, and consumer electronics applications.
It typically accepts input voltages ranging from 14V to 30V and delivers up to 1A of output current, or more with proper heat dissipation. The internal design includes essential protection mechanisms such as thermal shutdown, short circuit protection, and current limiting, which contribute to its reliability under varying operating conditions.
The 7812 is widely used in analog and digital circuits that require a 12V power source. It can power microcontrollers, op-amps, audio modules, sensors, and other components. While it can operate on its own, adding capacitors at the input and output improves transient response and filtering performance.
Pin Configuration (TO-220 Package)
| Pin | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Input | Unregulated DC input |
| 2 | Ground | Common ground |
| 3 | Output | Regulated 12V output |
Applications
12V regulated power supply
Power for logic circuits and MCUs
Audio and RF module voltage supply
Robotics and embedded system power
Automotive electronic device powering
Instrumentation and control systems
DIY electronics and prototyping
Key Features
Fixed 12V DC output
Delivers up to 1A current
Input range: 14V to 30V
Thermal shutdown protection
Built-in short circuit protection
Internal current limiting
Available in various package types
Specifications Table
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Output Voltage | 12V ± 2% |
| Maximum Output Current | 1A (with heatsink) |
| Input Voltage Range | 14V to 30V |
| Dropout Voltage | ~2V ‘ |
| Line Regulation | ~8 mV (typical) |
| Load Regulation | 50–100 mV |
| Quiescent Current | 5–8 mA (typical) |
| Ripple Rejection | 60–80 dB |
| Operating Temperature Range | 0°C to +125°C |
| Junction Temperature Max | +150°C |
| Storage Temperature Range | −65°C to +150°C |
| Package Options | TO-220, TO-92, SOT-223, DPAK |
