7805 IC Fixed Positive 5V Voltage Regulator
The 7805 is a three-terminal positive voltage regulator that delivers a constant 5V output from a higher voltage input. It belongs to the 78xx series of fixed linear regulators, widely used in power supply systems for analog and digital electronics. The 7805 provides clean and stable output suitable for sensitive electronics. Its simplicity, reliability, and affordability make it a standard choice for low-voltage DC applications in both consumer and industrial designs. The IC includes internal current limiting.
It operates with an input voltage typically between 7V and 25V and maintains a regulated 5V output with up to 1A current (2A with proper heatsinking). The IC includes internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe-area protection. The 7805 provides clean and stable output suitable for sensitive electronics. It is commonly used in embedded systems, microcontroller circuits, and battery-powered devices where regulated 5V power is required.
Applications
5V power supply for microcontrollers
Voltage regulation in DIY electronics
Robotics and embedded control boards
Regulated supply for sensors and modules
Battery-powered system regulators
Power adapters for hobby projects
Analog and digital logic supply
Portable test instruments
Consumer electronics
Prototyping and breadboard circuits
Key Features
Fixed 5V regulated output
Output current up to 1A
Input voltage range: 7V to 25V
Internal current limiting and thermal shutdown
Built-in short circuit protection
Stable output with minimal external components
Low cost and easy to use
Available in TO-220, TO-92, and SMD packages
Pin Configuration (TO-220 Package)
| Pin | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Input | Unregulated DC input |
| 2 | Ground | Common ground |
| 3 | Output | Regulated 5V output |
Specifications Table
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Output Voltage | 5V ± 2% |
| Output Current (Typical) | 1A |
| Max Input Voltage | 25V |
| Dropout Voltage | ~2V ‘ |
| Line Regulation | 4mV (typical) |
| Load Regulation | 50mV (typical) |
| Quiescent Current | 5 mA (typical) |
| Operating Temperature Range | 0°C to +125°C |
| Package Options | TO-220, TO-92, DPAK, SOT-223 |
